The brain and the gut are neurologically and biochemically connected via millions of nerves and the trillions of microbes that populate the intestines. Known as the gut-brain axis, this communication network between the two systems is vast and complex. Although scientists have known about this axis for some time, the assumption was that the gut needed the brain in order to function. Only recently has science given the gut its due credit in this relationship. Researchers are learning that the gut microbiome can influence certain physiological processes in the brain. Our microbiome can affect how we think and function—cognition, memory, motor control—for better or worse.
More and more, poor gut health is being linked to a decline in brain health, opening up possibilities for exciting new and effective treatments to prevent and even help to heal disease states associated with poor brain health. Much of the research is focused on three leading causes of neurodegeneration that doctors have been struggling to treat effectively: stroke, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s. Much of the recent research highlights the connection between well-known risk factors for these disorders—including genetics, environmental toxins, diabetes, obesity, and heart disease—and poor gut health, reinforcing that the connection between gut and brain health we’re seeing isn’t coincidental.